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John Edward "Jack" Hawkins, CBE (14 September 1910 – 18 July 1973) was an English actor who worked on stage and in film from the 1930s until the 1970s.〔Obituary ''Variety'', 25 July 1973, page 55.〕 ==Career== He was born at Lyndhurst Road, Wood Green, now in Haringey, London, the son of a builder. He was educated at Wood Green’s Trinity County Grammar School, where, aged eight he joined the school choir,.〔(Profile of Jack Hakwins at britmovie.co.uk )〕 By the age of ten Hawkins had joined the local operatic society, and made his stage debut in Patience by Gilbert and Sullivan. His parents enrolled him in the Italia Conti Academy and whilst he was studying there he made his London stage debut, when aged eleven, playing the Elf King in ''Where the Rainbow Ends'' at the Holborn Empire on Boxing Day, December 1923, a production that also included the young Noël Coward.〔 He appeared on Broadway in ''Journey's End'' by the age of 18.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jack Hawkins - IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information )〕 Although he appeared in several films during the 1930s, it was only after service in World War II, during which he had become a colonel in ENSA for India and Southeast Asia,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hawkins, John Edward "Jack" )〕 that he began to build a successful career in the cinema. Hawkins became a star with the release of three successful films in which he played stern but sympathetic authority figures: ''Angels One Five'' (1951), ''The Planter's Wife'' (1952), and ''Mandy'' (1952). In 1952 British exhibitors voted him the fourth most popular local star at the box office. He consolidated this status with ''The Cruel Sea'', which was the most successful film of the year and saw Hawkins voted the most popular star in Britain regardless of nationality.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jack Hawkins )〕 Hawkins' popularity declined with a series of less successful movies, but his authoritative presence meant he was always in demand. From the late 1950s, he mostly appeared in character roles, often in epic films like ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'', ''Lawrence of Arabia'' (playing General Edmund Allenby), ''Lord Jim'', and ''Oh! What a Lovely War''. For ''The Bridge on the River Kwai'', he had to persuade good friend Alec Guinness to take the lead role, which would ultimately win Guinness an Oscar. Some of Hawkins' more unusual roles included an Egyptian Pharaoh in ''Land of the Pharaohs'', Ben Hur's adoptive Roman father Quintus Arrius in ''Ben-Hur'', and ''Zulu'', where he played against type as the fanatical pacifist, Reverend Otto Witt.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Land of the Pharaohs: the plot won't triangulate - reel history )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title='Here they come again': Zulu at 50 )〕 He appeared as one of ''The Four Just Men'' (1959) in the Sapphire Films TV series for ITV.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=4 Just Men )〕 In reality Hawkins was politically liberal, and an emotional man, in sharp contrast to his conservative screen image. One of his favourite films, ''The League of Gentlemen'', was considered quite groundbreaking for its time in its references to sex. However, though initially sought for the role of a gay barrister in ''Victim'', he turned it down fearing that it might conflict with his masculine image.〔(Imdb bio )〕 The role was eventually played by Dirk Bogarde.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Victim )〕 Hawkins also produced the film adaptation of Peter Barnes's ''The Ruling Class'' (1972), with Peter O'Toole and Alastair Sim.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Ruling Class )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jack Hawkins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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